Malarial Falciparum and Vivax Antigen (Parasite V & F)
Also Known As
Test Parameters Included
- Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 Antigen (Qualitative)
- Plasmodium vivax pLDH Antigen (Qualitative)
- Pathologist Haematology Remark - interpreted alongside clinical presentation and blood smear correlation
Department
Methodology
This test is a type of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) based on the principle of Immunochromatography, also known as a lateral flow immunoassay. The procedure involves:
* Sample Application: A small amount of the patient's whole blood is added to a test cassette.
* Antigen-Antibody Reaction: The blood travels along a nitrocellulose membrane coated with specific antibodies that are designed to bind to antigens produced by the malaria parasites.
* Detection of Antigens: The test strip contains two specific lines for antigen detection: one for Histidine-Rich Protein II (HRP-2), which is specific to P. falciparum, and another for lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), which is specific to P. vivax.
* Result Visualization: If the patient's blood contains these specific antigens, a colored line will appear at the corresponding position, indicating a positive result for that species. A control line confirms that the test is working correctly.
Sample Required
* Preferred Sample: A minimum of 3 mL of whole blood (WB) is collected in a Lavender-top tube containing EDTA as an anticoagulant.
* Processing: The blood sample is used directly for the rapid test without any further processing.
Preparation
* Patient History: Providing a detailed clinical history, including symptoms like fever patterns and recent travel to malaria-endemic areas, is essential for the correct interpretation of the results.
Schedule Report
12 Hours
Emergency Report
Yes
Frequently Asked Questions
What does this test detect?
This rapid diagnostic test detects two specific malaria parasite antigens — HRP-2 for Plasmodium falciparum and pLDH for Plasmodium vivax — enabling simultaneous identification of the two most common malaria species in India.
Is fasting required for this test?
No, fasting is not required. The test can be performed at any time of day regardless of food intake.
What sample is collected?
A minimum of 3 mL of whole blood in an EDTA (lavender-top) tube is collected. Capillary blood from a finger prick may also be used in certain RDT formats.
How quickly are results available?
Results are typically available within 15 to 30 minutes as this is a rapid immunochromatographic test, with the final report verified and released within 24 hours.
What do positive or negative results mean?
A positive result indicates the presence of malaria antigens and confirms infection with either P. falciparum, P. vivax, or both. A negative result does not completely rule out malaria, especially in early infection or low parasite density, and may require repeat testing or peripheral smear correlation.
Can this test distinguish between active and past infection?
No, this RDT detects current antigen presence. HRP-2 antigens can persist for several weeks after successful treatment, so a positive result after therapy may reflect residual antigen rather than active infection. Clinical correlation and repeat testing are recommended.
Test Description
Test Code
M02
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