Flow Cytometry - CD4 COUNT *
Also Known As
Test Parameters Included
- Total Leucocyte Count
- CD45 (Lymphocyte) Percentage
- CD45 (Lymphocyte) Absolute
- CD3 (Total T Cells) Percentage
- CD3 (Total T Cells) Absolute
- CD4 (Helper T Cells) Percentage
- CD4 (Helper T Cells) Absolute
- CD8 (Cytotoxic T-Cells) Percentage
- CD8 (Cytotoxic T-Cells) Absolute
- CD4/CD8 ratio
- PARAMETERS EXPLAINED:
- #1) CD45 (Lymphocyte) Percentage & Absolute:
CD45 is a marker found on all white blood cells. In this test, it is used to "gate" or isolate the lymphocyte population from other cells like neutrophils or monocytes. - #2) CD3 (Total T-Cells):
Measures the total population of T-lymphocytes. All T-cells carry the CD3 marker. - #3) CD4 (Helper T-Cells):
These cells coordinate the immune response. A low CD4 count is a primary indicator of immune system damage. - #4) CD8 (Cytotoxic T-Cells):
These cells directly attack and kill virally infected or cancerous cells. - #5) CD4/CD8 Ratio:
In a healthy adult, the CD4 count is usually higher than the CD8 count (a ratio > 1.0). A "flipped" ratio (< 1.0) can indicate chronic infection or immune exhaustion.
Department
Methodology
Sample Required
Preparation
Schedule Report
24-48 Hours
Emergency Report
Yes
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is the CD4 count so important for HIV patients?
The HIV virus specifically targets and destroys CD4 cells. The count tells the doctor how much "defense" the body has left.
Why does the report take 24–48 hours?
Flow cytometry is a complex, multi-step process that requires careful sample preparation and expert interpretation of the scatter plots.
Does a low CD4 count always mean HIV?
No. Low counts can be caused by other viral infections, chemotherapy, stress, or certain autoimmune diseases.
What is the "CD4 Percentage"?
It is the percentage of total T-cells that are CD4 positive. It is often more stable than the "Absolute Count," which can vary based on hydration.
Can exercise affect my results?
Intense physical activity right before a blood draw can temporarily shift your lymphocyte counts.
Why is CD45 included?
CD45 acts as a "marker" for all white blood cells, ensuring the machine doesn't accidentally count red blood cells or debris as lymphocytes.
What is a "flipped" ratio?
This is when you have more CD8 (suppressor) cells than CD4 (helper) cells. It is commonly seen in chronic viral infections.
Can I take this test if I have a cold?
It is better to wait. A simple cold can temporarily change your T-cell numbers, leading to an inaccurate baseline.
What is the difference between T-cells and B-cells?
T-cells (this test) coordinate the cellular response; B-cells produce antibodies.
Is this test used for children?
Yes, especially for diagnosing inherited immune disorders, though normal ranges are much higher for infants.
Why is BMA (Bone Marrow) sometimes used?
In cases of leukemia or lymphoma, the marrow provides a clearer picture of how these cells are being produced.
Can I drink water before the test?
Yes, plain water is encouraged.
Does the test show if I am allergic to something?
No, this test looks at general immune strength, not specific allergies.
Are results affected by age?
Yes, CD4 counts naturally decline slightly as we get older.
Is the test result confidential?
Absolutely. At Dr. Patho, all immunological data is protected by the highest medical privacy standards.
Test Description
Test Code
FCM02 / C17
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