• Serum Insulin Fasting
• C-Peptide
• HOMA-IR- 2; Insulin Resistance
• Insulin Sensitivity
• Beta cell function
• Glycosylated Hemoglobin (GHb/HbA1c)
• Glucose - Fasting
• Glucose - Post Prandial
• IA2 - Insulin Antibodies
• Decarboxylase (GAD) 65 Antibody
• Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) Antibody
• EXPLAINED INCLUDED TEST PARAMETER DETAILS:
• Triple Autoantibody Screen (GAD-65, IA-2, ZnT8): These are the "markers of destruction." If these antibodies are present, it proves the immune system is attacking the pancreas.
• GAD-65 Antibody: The most common marker, often persisting for years.
• IA-2 Antibody: Highly specific for Type 1 and suggests a more rapid progression.
• ZnT8 Antibody: A modern, highly sensitive marker that helps catch cases other tests might miss.
• C-Peptide & Serum Insulin (Fasting): C-Peptide is produced alongside insulin. In Type 1 Diabetes, these levels are typically very low or undetectable, signifying that the "insulin factory" has been shut down. C-Peptide is the best way to measure natural production if a patient is already taking insulin injections.
• HOMA-IR 2 (Resistance, Sensitivity & Beta Cell %B): Using mathematical models, we assess the remaining Beta Cell Function. In Type 1, the %B (function) is usually very low, while Insulin Sensitivity is often normal (unlike Type 2).
• Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) via HPLC: Measures the 3-month average sugar. We use the HPLC Gold Standard to ensure precision, which is critical for dose adjustments in Type 1 patients.
• Glucose - Fasting (FBS) & Post Prandial (PPBS): Standard baseline and 2-hour post-meal glucose checks to evaluate the immediate glycemic status.

Why are three different antibodies tested?

Some patients may be negative for one but positive for another. Testing all three increases the detection rate to nearly 95-98%.

Can I have Type 1 diabetes as an adult?

Yes. This is often called LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults). It can be mistaken for Type 2 initially, but these antibody tests will reveal the truth.

What does a "Negative" antibody result mean?

If antibodies are negative but insulin is still low, it might be a rare form called "Idiopathic Type 1" or another type like MODY (genetic diabetes).

Why is C-Peptide measured instead of just Insulin?

If you take insulin shots, we can't tell the difference between the shot and your body's insulin. C-Peptide only comes from your body.

Does Type 1 run in families?

While there is a genetic link, many Type 1 patients have no family history. It is often triggered by an environmental factor in genetically susceptible people.

What is ZnT8?

It is the Zinc Transporter 8 antibody. It is often the first marker to appear in children and is a vital modern diagnostic tool.

Can Type 1 be cured with diet?

No. Type 1 is an autoimmune destruction of cells. It requires insulin for survival. However, diet helps manage sugar levels.

What is Beta Cell Function (%B)?

It is a percentage score of how many "insulin-making factories" are still working in your pancreas.

Why HPLC for HbA1c?

In Type 1, sugar levels fluctuate rapidly. HPLC provides the most stable and accurate 3-month average to help your doctor set the right insulin doses.

Does stress affect antibody levels?

No, stress does not change the presence of these autoantibodies.

Can I drink water while fasting?

Yes, plain water is allowed and encouraged.

Is this test done on a single blood sample?

No, it requires two visits: one for fasting and one 2 hours after your meal.

What is GAD-65?

It is an enzyme in the pancreas. Antibodies against it are the most common marker for Type 1 Diabetes in adults.

What if my sugar is high but my C-Peptide is also high?

This usually points toward Type 2 Diabetes (Insulin Resistance) rather than Type 1.

How long does the report take?

Because of the complexity of the triple-antibody ELISA and metabolic modeling, the report takes 24 hours.